ABSTRACT
Background: A balanced reciprocal translocation is a structural abnormality, which at least consist of breakage of two non-homologous chromosomes along with pieces exchange and form quadrivalant structure that can produce unbalanced chromosomes during meiosis I and result in a fetus abortion. The aim of the present study is to offer using Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis [PGD] 24sure array, which delivers aneuploidy screening of 24 chromosomes, within a few hours to increase fertility and bearing a child without chromosomal abnormality of this couple. This technique could replace embryo donation for child bearing of this couple
Case presentation: A young couple with recurrent pregnancy loss in 6th and 7[th] week of pregnancy without family history of recurrent miscarriage and any clinical signs had conferred. All laboratory tests including hormonal, infections, semen and hys-terosalpingography were normal except karyotype that showed balanced reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 5 and 18 in male. Chromosomal study of male parents showed normal karyotype
Conclusion: A balanced reciprocal translocation carrier is phenotypically normal, but during meiosis I, carrier chromosomes cant pair normally and form quadrivalant instead of bivalant that depend on type of their segregation [alternate, adjacent 1, adjacent 2,3:1,4:0], produce gametes that are chromosomally unbalanced which can result in early fetus abortion. Considering the number of abnormal gametes, the most effective way to help couples with this problem seems to be PGD 24sure, since it can identify reciprocal and Robertsonian translocation and allows concurrent screening of all chromosomes for aneuploidy. Another technique that can be compared with PGD 24sure is fluorescence in situ hybridization [FISH], but it has several technical limitations such as it is expensive and complexity, in addition it has only few probes [for chromosomes 21, 13, 18, X, Y] so sometimes necessary to create patient specific protocols
ABSTRACT
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Non-coding RNAs especially miRNAs have important regulatory roles in cancer. MiRNAs are 21-24 nucleotides which have different levels of expression between tumors and normal tissues. In this study, we have analyzed expression level of miR-520d in three different groups of breast cancer. Fifty nine samples were divided into different groups according to their immunohistochemistry [IHC] classification: estrogen receptor [ER] positive and/or progesterone receptor [PR] positive group [as group I]; human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 [HER2] positive group [as group II]; and Triple negative group [as group III]. After small RNA extraction from tissues, cDNAs were synthesized and Real time RTPCR carried out using DNA binding dye. Expression levels were analyzed by LinRegPCR and REST software. MiR-520d under- expressed in all of three different groups. The expression ratio in groups I, II, and III were 0.193, 0.167, 0.21, respectively, but only the result from group II was significant [P=0.017]. According to the different clinicopathological status of breast cancer, miR-520d underexpressed significantly not only in patients with metastatic lymph node [P=0.019] but also in patients which have cancer at stage three [P=0.036]. In this study, we found that miR-520d possibly acts as a tumor suppressor. It may be useful for diagnosis of tumor from normal tissue. In addition, miR-520d significantly underexpressed in HER-2 positive group of breast cancers. Therefore, it may be useful as an additional diagnostic test in this group of breast tumors along with other biomarkers.
Subject(s)
Humans , Breast Neoplasms , Real-Time Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
Nowadays, nanomaterials are used in daily life extensively. One of the most common of these materials is nano titanium dioxide [TiO[2]] which is used to purify the air and also sunscreens, shampoos and other hygienic products. Although nanoparticles are useful, can also have potential hazards. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of TiO[2] on lung tissue in rabbits. We divided 18 male rabbits into three groups randomly. The first group received 50 microl of TiO[2] with dose of 50 mg/kg by intratracheal instillation. The second group received 50 microl of TiO[2] with dose of 100 mg/kg and the third group received 50 microl of normal saline by the same route. Chest X-rays were taken from all rabbits before injection and on days of 10, 17 and 24 after injection. Twenty four days after injection, rabbits anesthetized and histopathological assays, blood samples and biochemical factors were evaluated. Radiographic assays showed a progressive pulmonary fibrosis in rabbits received TiO[2] rather than the control group and this lesion developed to maximum at 24[th] day of the experiment. We also showed pulmonary emphysema and inflammation in histopathologycal study of groups treated with TiO[2]. Moreover, we observed a significant increase in the amount of liver enzymes, white blood cells and hematocrit in TiO[2] treated groups compared to control group [P 0.05]. Results showed that nanotitanium dioxide particles can lead to pulmonary fibrosis and inflammation and also increasing liver enzymes and inflammatory cells
ABSTRACT
It is generally accepted that the selective adenosine triphosphatedependent potassium channel openers [K[ATP] openers] have a dramatic role in the treatment of some cardiovascular disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of diazoxide, a potent ATP-related potassium channel opener, on spontaneously beating isolated rat atria to achieve more accurate approaches to treat cardiovascular diseases, such as atrial related disorders including atrial arrhythmias. After induction of anesthesia, we exsected the heart and isolated the atria of 48 male Wistar rats. Later, we recorded the beating and contractile force of the atria by a physiograph. Subsequently, we studied the effects of diazoxide [2 to 100 micro g/mL] on beating and contractile force of the isolated atria 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes after applying the drug onto the atria. Diazoxide administration [2 to 100 micro g/mL] showed a significant decrease [7% to 49% depending on concentration] in atrial beatings [P
ABSTRACT
Obsessive-compulsive disorders and depression have a high prevalence during pregnancy; therefore, pregnant women may take clomipramine and also take other drugs or consume foods that contain caffeine. As investigations about the teratogenic effects of clomipramine and its concurrent administration with caffeine during organogenesis period are scarce, we aimed to study the teratogenicity of simultaneous administration of clomipramine and caffeine in rat fetus. After dividing 42 pregnant rats to several case and control groups, we injected different doses of caffeine and clomipramine to the animals. All the injections were performed on the eighth until the 15th day of pregnancy. We removed the fetuses on the 17th day of pregnancy and studied the morphological features and apparent anomalies of the fetuses macroscopically. We found a significant rate of mortality, apparent anomalies, abnormal torsion, shrinkage of skin and subcutaneous bleeding in fetuses of rats receiving high doses of caffeine or a combination of caffeine and clomipramine. Statistical analysis of the data revealed a significant increase [P
Subject(s)
Female , Animals, Laboratory , Caffeine/adverse effects , Clomipramine/adverse effects , Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder , DepressionABSTRACT
There are conflicting reports about zinc, a trace element, in the pathogenesis of hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of zinc in high blood pressure. We conducted this study on 80 patients with primary [idiopathic] hypertension and 80 normotensive people with similar age who attended to Tehran Heart Center between 2007 and 2008. We examined the effect of zinc concentration on blood pressure in both sexes in four age groups [41-50, 51-60, 61-70 and 71-80 years old]. We measured plasma zinc concentration by atomic absorption. The mean plasma zinc concentrations were 0.456 +/- 0.04 microg/ml and 0.551 +/- 0.055 microg/ml in patients with hypertension and in normotensive people, respectively, [P